「英语」如何简单掌握“名词性从句”？一篇文章快速明白

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「英语」如何简单掌握“名词性从句”？一篇文章快速明白

怎样学好名词性从句

英语语法--名词性从句

英语：什么是名词性从句？详细！

一、「英语」如何简单掌握“名词性从句”？一篇文章快速明白

概念名词性从句=名词词组，作主、宾、表、同位语名词性从句5类：主、宾、表、同位语从句

主语从句引导词：1、从属连词that, whether①that句首只引导，不能省略例：That he will come is certain.他一定会来。②whether放句首/中，表达“是否”例：Whether he will come is not my business.他是否来不关我的事。③that和whether，引导完整从句例：(That man can aspire to and achieve goodness) is evident throughout history.那个人能够渴望并实现善良，这在历史上是显而易见的。2、连接代词who, what, which, whoever作句子主宾表例：(Which side will win) is not clear.哪一方会赢不清楚。3、连接副词when, where, how, why作句子状语例：(Why he did) it remains a mystery.他做的原因依然是一个秘密。做题技巧：①看句子是否完整；②依成分选连接词例：(What makes the book so extraordinary) is the creative imagination of the writer.这本书的非凡之处是作者富有创造性的想象力。it 形式主语1、主从→it形式主语：主从在句首，不省连接词；变it is…，that可省略例：(That they like each other) is natural.=It is natural (that) they like each other.(他们彼此喜欢)是自然的。= 他们彼此喜欢是很自然的。2、it形式主语的写法：it作主语，某某is重要，从句(should) do句型It is important/necessary/suggested/advised that…​例：It is essential that we take enough food while climbing.爬山时带足够的食物是很重要的。宾语从句1、概念从句作宾语2、引导词从属连词：that，whether，if（句子完整，不做从句成分）连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whever（做从句主，宾，表语）连接副词：when，where，how，why（做从句状语）3、whether和if【同】【异】【同】都表示“是否”【异】①whether or not例：Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just __confuses the public.②介词＋whether③whether to do④if只引导宾从4、否定要转移标志词I＋否定转移词：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, fancy, consider, guess例：I don't think I know you.我觉得我不了解你。否定转移→反义疑问句：①否定→宾从；②去主句；③后反问例：I don't think you've met Xiao Xin.→反义疑问句→You haven't met Xiao Xin, have you?①否定→宾从：I think you haven't met Xiao Xin.②去主句：You haven't met Xiao Xin .③加后面：have you ?5、省略that【①省②不省】宾从 ≥2，省第一that例：I believe (that) you've done your best and that things will happen.我相信你已经尽力了，事情会发生的。介词＋宾从，that不可省例：He always thinks of that he will come back tomorrow.他总是认为他明天会回来。​it作宾从，that不可省例：We consider it necessary that he should improve his English.表语从句1、形式：主语+系动词+表语从句系统词：be, look, remain, become, turn, seem2、固定搭配：The reason why…is (that…)的原因是例：The news is that he will come here.消息是他要来这儿。That is (because…)那是因为例：From space, the earth looks blue. This is becauseabout seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它大约百分之七十一的表面被水覆盖。That is (why…)这就是为什么例：That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。It seems/looks (as if…)看起来好像……【总结】表从作表语，在系动词后，be感官变得4固定搭配，原因看好像同位语从句1、作用：=先行词（抽象名词）例：I heard the news (that our team had won).我听到消息(我们队赢了)。2、抽象名词：news, idea, fact, promise, message, question, doubt, thought, hope, suggestion, word, possibility...例：The notice came in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.3、引导词：除If, which外【总结】同从作解释，抽象先行词，引导词that，除if/which

一、怎样学好名词性从句

有许多学生对英语语法比较头疼，特别是从句这个知识点，弄不明白到底是怎么回事，其实说白了，一些同学如果要连简单句的结构，都分不清楚，怎么能学好从句呢？所以每个学生在学习语法知识的时候，一定要弄清楚简单句和复合句，弄明白各成分的什么。这些是容易做到的，也是学好从句的前提条件。

其实英语语法并不难，一些学生觉得语法难，主要是因为自己把那一些列的语法知识学散了，形不成一定的系统性。那么学习语法有一定的规律，不是死记硬背就能解决问题的，应该在它们之间学会联系，学会比较，这样就容易记忆了。例如就拿名词性从句这块知识点来说。首先要明白什么是名次性从句？既然是从句那么一定是复合句，名词性从句，说明从句在复合句中可以充当名词的成分。这些从句可以分成：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。

此外要明白各从句引导词的作用，例如说从属连词that,whether,if(一般只适合宾语从句），as,if（通常用于表语从句）等。

一、主语从句

主语从句就是在复合句中作主句的主语。引导词语分成三种：

连词：that,whether；疑问代词：who, what,which,whose,whatever,etc.

连接副词有：when,where,why,how,wherever,etc.

1.that引导的主语从句

这个词不同于其它的连词，在主语从句中没有什么意义，也不充当什么成分，只是作为一个简单的连词，但是还不可以省略掉。这是经常使用的一种主语从句，但是这种主语从句很少用于句首，除非是强调句或者谓语过长。例如说：

That prices will keep going up is certain in 2009.

一般情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将正真的主语that从句放在句尾。这样的结构如下：

（1）it+be+形容词+that从句

如：It is natural that people should have different opinions.

(2)it+名词+that从句

如：It's a wonder that they are still alive.

(3)it+动词+that从句

如：It happened that he didn't go out because of the bad weather that day.

(4)it+动词被动语态+that从句

如：It's said that there was a big earthquake in Wen chuan several days ago.

2.连接代词或者是连接副词引导的主语从句。

下面有三个例子，

Who is sent to work there hasn't been decided yet.

Whoever comes will be welcome.

Whichever you choose is yours.

通过上面的例句，可以看出下面这个题目的答案了。

_________wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.

A.Anyone B.The one C.Whoever D.Who

因为：Whoever wants to stay in a hotel 是主语从句，所以Whoever 在句子中作主语。

3.whether引导的主语从句

whether引导的主语从句位于句首时候，whether不可以用if取代。

whether引导的主语从句谓语动词应该用单数形式，而what却不一定了，所以考试的时候从单复数可以分析出答案。

二、宾语从句：

从字面上讲，宾语从句就是从句在复合句子中作宾语。所以我前面说的，大家学从句的时候，对一些简单句的结构一定要熟悉。

引导宾语从句的连词有：that ,whether ,if

连接代词：who,whose ,what,which

连接副词：when, where, how, why etc.

宾语从句在主句中的位置

1.作动词的宾语

如：You can decide who is the best choice.

补充：动词wish ,suggest（建议）,order,demand,request,desire,propose,insist（主张）,would rather,etc，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。

例如下面一个句子：

I wish I knew what was going to happen in the future.

当suggest表示“暗示、表明”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”的时候，从句不用虚拟语气。

例如说北京2008年高考题中：

The companies are working together to create _______they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A.which B.that C.what D.who

what they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century,是create的宾语从句，而what在从句中作主语，they hope 是插入语。

从上面的题目来看，学习从知道是从何？何从？

2.作介词宾语

如：Our success depends on how well we can help each other.

补充：that 从句一般不作介词宾语，但是but\except/in除外。

3.作形容词的宾语

例如：I'm afraid that you've made a mistake.

4.it可以作形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，这样的结构通常用在复合宾语从句中。

如：I've heard it said that you've won the first prize.

宾语从句的引导词

1.that

(1)that引导宾语从句时，在句子中不作成分，本身没有意义，有时候可以略去。

如：I hope (that) you can........

(2)有时可以在及物动词和直接宾语之间加入间接宾语。

如：He told me that he wanted to.......

(3)在动词think,believe,expect,suppose等后的宾语从句中，若要否定从句的意思，应通过否定主句来体现，即否定前移。

如：I don't believe she is honest.

2.连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句

如下面的两个句子：

I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.

She was eager to know where he had been.

2008年浙江高中试题中的题目：

Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from____

their parents speak at home.

A.what B.that C.which D.one

what their parents speak at home,是宾语从句，what 在从句中是speak 的宾语。

3.whether/if引导的宾语从句

这个知识点比较简单，一般情况下它们可以相互通用，但是一定要记住下面几个区别，因为这些是高考中重要的知识点。

（1）介词之后的宾语从句只能用whether

例句：They're talking about whether the London Olympic Games will be successful.

(2)后面紧跟or not时，只能用whether

例如：I don't know whether or not your plan is practical.

(3)用if产生歧义的时候用whether

如：Please tell me if you need the computer.这个句子有两种翻译：

请告诉我你是否需要电脑。（宾语从句）

如果你需要电脑，请告诉我。（状语从句）。

注意事项：

1.宾语从句的语序：

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

2.宾语从句的时态：

如果主句中谓语是一般现在时，从句谓语中的时态不受到主句谓语时态的影响，可以根据需要适用时态。

如果主句中的谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态也要相应的使用表示过去的某种时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时等。

如果主句中的谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述的是客观真理或者客观事实，宾语从句的时态要用一般现在时。

关于从句，我象征性的讲上面两种，至于其余的从句，大家只要注重归纳，不断的探索和理解，一定能掌握好。

二、英语语法--名词性从句

首先，名词性从句中宾语从句与其他三个不同，在that; whether 和if 等的用法上。
其次，要搞明白做的是哪种名词性从句。我用的一个笨办法是让学生往前看：没东西了，自然是主语从句，要不就是前面有一个形式主语it，前面是及物动词或介词是宾语从句，前面是系动词是表语从句，前面是一个名词是同位语从句。要关注引导词的细微差别。
最后，扎实的基本知识：从句并不总是老老实实地跟在前面说的那些词的后面，注意颠倒顺序的情况和中间插入其他内容的情况。

其他的可以看语法书讲解：看从句中是否缺成分，弄明白各种引导词的用法和含义。

三、英语：什么是名词性从句？详细！

名词性从句
名词性从句：其功能相当于名词，根据其在句中充当的成分可分为主语，宾语，表语和同位语从句．名词性从句必须用陈述语序.
常见引导词：
1. that 无意义，在名词性从句中不充当成分；
2. whether/if “是否” , 在从句中不充当成分；
3. who “谁”，在从句中作主语, 口语中可作宾语, 表语;
4. whom “谁”，在从句中作宾语, 表语;
5. whose “谁的”，在从句中作定语,表语;
6. what “什么”，“…的”，在从句中作主语,宾语, 表语, 定语，含义没有明确的范围;
7. which “哪个，哪些”，在从句中作主语,宾语, 表语, 定语，含义有明确的范围;
8. when “何时”，在从句中作时间状语，表语；
9. where“何地”，在从句中作地点状语，表语；
10. why “为什么”，在从句中作原因状语，表语；
11. how “怎样，怎么”在从句中作方式状语，表语。 由how组成的短语也可引导名词性从句, 在从句中作状语，如how many, how long , how soon, how often, how far…
12. because “因为”，在从句中作原因状语；
13. as if/as though “好像，似乎”，在从句中不充当成分；
14. whoever “无论谁”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语；
15. whomever “无论谁”，在主句和从句中都可作宾语，表语；
16. whatever “无论什么”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，定语；
17. whichever “无论哪个”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，含义有明确的范围；
一、主语从句
用作主语的从句。
常见引导词：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;
1. ________ the teacher said today was quite right.
2. _______ they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
3. ________ they will sell the house is not yet decided.
4. _________ was said here must be kept secret.
5. _________ makes mistakes must correct them.
6. It is a pity ______ she has made such a mistake.
7. ______ we will start is not decided yet.
8. ______ surprised me most was his manner.
9. ______ he was chosen monitor is clear.
10. _______ he has gone is still unknown.

注: 1、主语从句做主语，谓语用单数；但两个以上的从句做主语，谓语用复数；
What he says and what he does disagree.
2、可用“it”做形式主语，把主语从句放在后面；
主要有下列句型：
1) It +v.+ adj. / n. +从句
It is a shame that we missed the last train.
It is important that we should learn a foreign language.
It’s a pleasure that we’re going to have a party.
注：It is important /necessary/ natural/ a pity/strange/ impossible that sb. / sth. (should) do…
It is necessary that you not sleep in class.
2) It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that he is from the USA.
It happened that his parents were out when he called.
3) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
　It is known to all that... 众所周知……
　It is reported that... 据报道……
　It is believed that... 据信……;人们相信……
　It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It is hoped that… 人们希望… …
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
It is said that Tom once studied in the USA.
It is reported that a storm is on the way.
It has been proved that the theory is correct.
3、在主语从句中，“that”放在句首时不能省略，若“it”做形式主语，“that”从句放在后面在口语中，可以省略“that”;
二、宾语从句
放在某个动词，介词或形容词后做宾语。
常见引导词：that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;
1. I think ________ a healthy diet should contain a lot of green vegetables and fruit.
2. I wonder ________ you can do me a favor.
3. It depends on _________ the manager will agree to the plan or not.
4. The teacher asked little Tom _______ first discovered America.
5. He asked me ________ pronunciation was the best in our class.
6. He told me ________ had happened on his way to school.　
7. Do you think _______ team will win the match?
8. You can do ____________ you like.
9. I’ll give the job to ___________ has much work experience.
10. I don’t know __________ he will leave for America.

注：1. 含宾补时，常用下面句型：
主语＋动词＋it+宾补+宾语从句;
I find it necessary that we should ask him for advice.
2. 介词后常接wh-词引导的从句,很少接that引导的(介词but, except, in 除外), 若介词后的从句由 that引导,则须用it作形式宾语
After what seemed a long time, he returned home.
You may depend on it that they will support you.
She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.
3. 在“be+adj.”后,常可接that引导的宾语从句,也可把其称为原因状语从句.
I’m afraid that I can’t accept your invitation.
She’s happy that her daughter had passed the exams.
4. 否定转移：“think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine”等词所接的宾语从句若为否定式，常把否定词提前到在主句中。
He doesn’t believe we have finished our work.
I don’t think he cares about it, does he?
5. “that”引导的宾语从句做某动词或形容词宾语时,“that”可省略，但若有两个并列的“that”从句，后一个“that”不可省略；
I hear Tom is good at soccer and that he joined the club last week.
6. 宾语从句的时态特点
①主句若用现在时(含一般现在时,一般将来时，现在完成时),从句根据情况可用任何相应时态；
I hear they will be back in a week.
Do you know why he left without a word?
I’m not sure whether he has been to the Great Wall before.
②主句用过去式时,从句要用相应的过去时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）；
She hesitated whether she would take our advice.
He told me his son was watching TV.
He said that he had been in London for two days.
注：当从句表示“真理，格言，谚语，科学事实”时，从句用现在时态；
My grandpa told me that the earth is round.
三、表语从句
表语从句放在系动词后，如be, seem, look等,用来说明，解释主语，使其具体化；
常见引导词：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, whoever, how far, how soon, how often, whomever, whatever, whichever, because, as if/as though;
1. What she wants to know is _______ computer she should buy.
2. The problem was ______ could do the work.
3. What I want to know is _________ answers are right.
4. He is late for school today; it is ________ he missed the first bus.
5. It seems _________ he is from the USA.
6. The trouble is _______ he has no work experience.
7. The question is ________ we should ask them for help.
8. He missed the first bus today; that is ________ he was late for school.
9. This is ________ you made the mistakes.
10. The problem is _______ he can get food and clothing.

注：1. 引导词通常不省略；
2. 当“reason”做主语时，表语从句用 “that”引导；
The reason for his illness is that he was caught in a heavy rain.
3. The truth/fact is that…
The trouble/difficulty/problem is that…
The fact is that he has never been there before.
The trouble is that we are short of money and technology.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句放在某名词后，对其进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容。
常见引导词：that, when, where, whether, why, who, whom, whose, how…
同位语从句常放在下列名词后: news, word, idea, fact, truth, reason, thought, doubt, belief, hope, promise, possibility, order, proposal, advice, suggestion, demand…
There was little hope that they would survive.
Word came that our team had won.
I have no idea why she left.
They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.
He didn’t take my advice that we should set off earlier.