2021考研英语（二）阅读理解考点考向点睛

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2021考研英语（二）阅读理解考点考向点睛

2021年考研英语各题型有哪些答题技巧?

2021考研英语|考研英语小作文模板考前点睛！

2021考研英语阅读如何备考?

一、2021考研英语（二）阅读理解考点考向点睛

　　一、细节题

　　【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章

　　返回原文可依据以下几个关键点来：

　　1)可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文;

　　2)根据出题的顺序返回原文;

　　3)根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文;

　　4)通过长难句返回原文。

　　2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

　　【例题】2014年Text 1

　　21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

　　[A] A big house

　　[B] A special tour

　　[C] A stylish car

　　[D] A rich meal

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1 题干定位

　　Dumn and Norton--- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton

　　According to---say

　　the most rewarding ---far better

　　purchase--- to spend money on

　　因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.

　　2 选项定位

　　答案[B] A special tour

　　special----interesting 表示“特别的，有趣的”;

　　a tour----trips 表示“旅程”。

　　二、推理题

　　【解题方法】段落中心句+具体细节

　　【解题步骤】

　　1.找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章段落。

　　2.找出该段落的中心句。

　　3.将段落中心句与具体细节句相结合，与选项匹配。绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达。正确答案与原文之间基本上不存在推理关系。

　　【例题】2014年Text 1

　　24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ____.

　　[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism

　　[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US.

　　[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement

　　Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 题干定位

　　题干关键词：the last paragraph

　　Happy Money----this book

　　2. 段落中心句

　　该段中出现了两个句间转折词yet和but，中心句应为最后一个转折词之后的句子，所以本段的中心句为most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是“这本书值得购买”

　　三、主旨题

　　【解题方法】主题词+串线法

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出文章的主题词，通常为名词。

　　2. 找出文章各个段落的中心句，并将中心句串在一起。

　　3. 宏观阅读，匹配选项。正确选项通常体现全局以及概括性信息，因此选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选择范围过宽的信息。

　　【例题】2014年Text 1

　　25. This text mainly discusses how to____.

　　[A] balance feeling good and spending money

　　[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries

　　[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

　　[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

　　What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time — as stories or memories — particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 文章主题词：spending money, happiness

　　2. 各个段落的中心句

　　第一段：最后一句。该句指出如果老妇人希望这笔新得到的财富获得长期的成就感(lasting feelings of fulfillment)，那么最好读一下《开心理财》这本书。

　　第二段：第五句。该句指出《开心理财》这本书的两位作者的观点，即最好把钱花在一些经历上，这些经历会随着时间的流逝变得更有价值(more valuable with time)。

　　第三段：第一句。该句指出这本书主要涉及的内容是给人们提出了一些“如何从钱财中获得最大幸福感”(happiness bang for your buck)的建议。

　　第四段：最后一句。该句指出，这本书值得够买，体现出作者对这本书持肯定态度，即作者赞同这本书中的观点。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

　　文章的主题词：money spent

　　lasting satisfaction ---- happiness

　　四、态度题

　　【解题方法】用词的感情色彩或举例的方式

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 根据题干中的关键词回文定位

　　2. 找出该关键词的相关修饰语，进行感情色彩的判断。在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。

　　1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑

　　2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

　　3. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：

　　1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

　　2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。

　　【例题】2014年Text 1

　　22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ____.

　　[A] critical

　　[B] supportive

　　[C] sympathetic

　　[D] ambiguous

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 回文定位

　　关键词“American’s watching TV”出现在该段第二句话：it seems most people would be better… if they spend less of it watching television (something the average spending a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it)。

　　2. 相关修饰词

　　1) It would be better if they spend less of it. 意思是“如果少花点时间看电视则会好点。”

　　2) hardly jollier意思是“不开心”。

　　3) 得出作者的态度是负向的。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[A] critical 批评的----负向态度

　　五、词汇题

　　【解题方法】题干+上下文语境

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出题干关键词，精确定位到单词所在的语句;

　　2. 结合该词所在的上下文语境进行语义判断。在判断意思时，需要注意若该单词是熟悉的词汇，并且不超纲，那么它的字面意思绝对不是正确答案。其正确答案是根据上下文推出的更深层的含义，该含义也许与原单词表面意思没有关系。

　　【例题】2013年Text 2

　　26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____

　　[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.

　　[B] leave their home countries for good.

　　[C] stay in a foreign country temporarily.

　　[D] find permanent jobs overseas.

　　A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 题干定位

　　根据关键词回文定位到文章首段最后一句，They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage。其中birds of passage就是对主语they的解释说明，因此，解此题的关键是找出代词they的指代对象。

　　2. 上下文语境判断

　　首段主要介绍来到美国的移民情况。They指代的就是首段第三句中提到的人，句中说about a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good(大约四分之一的意大利移民最后又回到了意大利)，言下之意，这些移民到了美国，最后却又回到了自己的国家，仅在美国待了一段时间。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[C] stay in a foreign country temporarily.

　　stay in a foreign country----Italian immigrants，表示“待在国外的人”，即“移民”;

　　temporarily----returned to Italy，表示“临时待着，最后又回到自己的国度”。

一、2021年考研英语各题型有哪些答题技巧?

一、完形填空

完形填空分值共计10分，主要考查考生是否具有初步的词汇的辨析能力和上下文语篇分析的能力。词汇是学习完形填空的必经之路，但是仅仅依靠词汇是无法解题的，因此需要考生熟练掌握一定句法知识。

完形填空20道题目主要分为三大题型：逻辑关系题、语境题和固定搭配题。在冲刺阶段，应该把之前学习过的完形填空试题进行梳理，解题理论和解题方法进行巩固，历年试题中出现的错误题目进行总结和反思，然后对于陌生的单词进行背诵。完形填空的词汇是相对来说比较简单的词汇，学习这些词汇非常有助于理解句子结构，在阅读理解和翻译中也会提升考生理解句子的能力。

对于基础差，词汇量少的考生如何快速提高解题准确率呢?建议大家把历年来试题中总结的“红花绿叶”词进行背诵，并且将历年来试题中出现的固定搭配熟练掌握，即可帮助考生获得基本的分数。

二、阅读理解

阅读理解是考研英语的半壁江山，分值共40分，考前20天只要足够重视，还是可以完成一定程度的提高。

英语的学习总体上可以被分为：会、熟、精、绝、化5个学习阶段，及学会、熟练、精通、极致和转化5个阶段。对于以往的解题理论，很多考生只是学会了，但是并不能熟练应用，更不用说是在各题型中的相互转化了。因此，现阶段也是一个查漏补缺的阶段，应该把知识点认真梳理，对于阅读理解中的6大题型解题理论进行回顾。六大题型的考察本质是什么，识别方法是什么，解题步骤是什么，应该烂熟于心。在解题理论熟练掌握的情况之下，讲解题理论带入试题中进行演练，将理论进行扎实的掌握和巩固。

除此之外，要对之前做过的错题进行反思和总结，找出错题的原因，即考生在备考中努力的方向。

三、 新题型

新题型的解题技巧性强，得分容易，满分10份。不用过多的复习，对于基础的语法和词汇知识积累要求不高，因此要对于解题方法进行熟练掌握。

在考前，只要根据解题理论解题即可，每周做1-2篇试题，保持做题感觉即可。

四、翻译

英语一和英语二的分值不同，分别为10分和15分。根据评分标准，只要完成翻译即可得到3分左右。翻译过程中，要尽量保证内容完整，语句通顺，尽量忠实于原文。

目前在翻译这一题型中，想要获得较大的提升，相对比较困难。但是也可以从易做到的角度着手，要学会猜词，不认识的单词根据前后左右的词语和语境进行推断即可。除此之外，别忘了要保证卷面整洁，书写美观，保证汉语语句通顺。

五、写作

根据模板背诵，使用正确，理解模板每一个句型起到的作用，学会正确是使用模板。要从语言，格式，内容上完善作文。保证语言正确，不必使用非常高级的语法和句型;保证格式正确，不出错，包括文章体裁规定的格式，还有大小写，拼写及标点符号的正确;根据题目规定的内容，保证内容完整充实。

六 词汇

“巧妇难为无米之炊”，脱离了词汇，英语的理解也会寸步难行。时间有限的情况下，建议大家背诵词汇，以及在试题演练中出现的重点词汇。

二、2021考研英语|考研英语小作文模板考前点睛！

写作是一个思路表达的过程，我们需要清晰地表述出题目的要求，有效的完成命题人给我们的任务。接下来我们结合2019年小作文题目来看介绍信邀请信怎么来写。
Directions:
Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to
1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
2) tell him about your arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Don’t use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
通过阅读题目关键词 plan a debate on the theme of city traffic，suggest，reason， arrangements可以看出，我们这次的任务是一封建议/介绍信。任务是假设Professor Smith让你规划一次以城市交通为主题的的辩论会。要求我们写一封电子邮件，其中目的有两个：首先是辩论赛的主题，提出建议并且阐明原因;其次告诉对方你如何安排(可以自由发挥，建议大家写辩论赛举办的具体时间和地点)。接下来我们就来结合模板谈谈思路如何进行：
一般来说，我们在试卷的左上角表明对方职位和姓名：即Dear Professor Smith。注意：在这里英文书写一般用逗号不用冒号，切记!
【模板】 接下来，在第一段我们要表明自己的目的：比如I am writing this e-mail to
make suggestions for (doing) sth.(建议信)
make a complaint about sth.(投诉信)
seek some advice about sth.(咨询信)
extend an invitation to sb. for sth.(邀请信)
to answer your letter about sth.(回复信)
recommend you sth.(推荐信)
make an application for sth.(申请信)
express my sincere gratitude.(感谢信)
express my sincere congratulations.(祝贺信)
补充：(1)当收信人不认识自己时，需要在前增加：自我介绍，表示相关
基本句式： I am+身份+who+表示相关
身份可选： student， undergraduate， graduate， resident， citizen， customer
表示相关： who majors in…; who is in charge of…; who takes an interest in…;who is concerned about…; who has bought…
补充：(2)如涉及到比赛、活动等时：增加“简介”
基本句式： It will be held in+地点+on+时间
地点可选： in the hall， in the gym， in the playground， in the library.....
时间可选： on May 20， on Sunday.....
【应用】结合题目要求来看，教授是认识我们的，故第一段我们可以写为：
Dear Professor Smith，
I am writing this e-mail to you to suggest a topic for the debate on the theme of city traffic (来自题目要求，可以稍作改写). It is such a great honbor to arrange such an interesting activity. (这句话我们可以在建立类中直接套用，划线动词可以替换)。The debate will be held on May 20th in the student centre Room 203. (最后要交代时间和地点，初步完成写作任务之arrangement)
【模板】第二段：针对书信类型，分角度选择模板，角度可选择：原因+作用(适用于推荐信、申请信、感谢信、祝贺信)。
The primary factors are as follows. Firstly, there is/are 原因(名词短语) in 事物,
which will be of great value for you to 作用(do sth 要写动词原形) . What is more, the
fact that 原因(要写完整结构的句子) contributes to 作用(写 V-ing 短语或 N 词短语形式
【应用】
Dear Professor Smith，
I am writing this e-mail to you to suggest a topic for the debate on the theme of city traffic. It is such a great honbor to arrange such an interesting activity. 。The debate will be held on May 20th in the student centre Room 203.
The theme of the debate could be “Should Private Car Owners be Accountable for the Traffic Jam” (二段首句直接引出任务一话题：辩论会的主题，注意双引号和首字母大写) The primary factors are as follows. Firstly, there are public concerns in city traffic jams, which will be of great value for us to discuss (结尾处动词可以结合话题稍微灵活处理). What is more, the fact that individual factors might be involved (结合我们设定的话题“个人车主是否应该对交通堵塞负责”) contributes to the solution of the problem.
【理论】第三段：表示期待回信，并祝好。
① I sincerely/really hope that my advice(建议信);complaint(投诉信);Inquiry(咨询信);Application(申请信);Recommendation(推荐信);Invitation(邀请信)...
I’m looking forward to the reponse at your earliest convenience.
补充：(1)涉及到情感时(感谢信、祝贺信)句前增加表达情感：
Once again, I feel so grateful for your help.(感谢信)
Once again, I feel very proud of your achievement.(祝贺信)
【应用】
Dear Professor Smith，
I am writing this e-mail to you to suggest a topic for the debate on the theme of city traffic. It is such a great honbor to arrange such an interesting activity. 。The debate will be held on May 20th in the student centre Room 203.
The theme of the debate could be “Should Private Car Owners be Accountable for the Traffic Jam” . The primary factors are as follows. Firstly, there are public concerns in city traffic jams, which will be of great value for us to discuss. What is more, the fact that individual factors might be involved contributes to the solution of the problem.
I sincerely hope that my advice can make this debate meaningful and inspiring. (划线词可以在不同建立类中替换使用). I’m looking forward to the reponse at your earliest convenience. (期待您的回信在书信中都可以套用)
Yours，
Li Ming
(不要忘记落款署名)
下面总结一下这道题的解题方法，形成思路如下：
首先在拿到题目后，浏览题目要求，确定书写内容。
再结合模板，第一段表明写作目的和部分重要内容;第二段结合模板给出原因;第三段表示期待和展望。希望各位同学可以在相信大家在最后的几天中，对小作文中的模板，勤加练习。在这里，老师预祝各位同学在考研英语考试中取得满意的分数!

三、2021考研英语阅读如何备考?

一、计时

1：提前按照考试时间要求自己。

如果前期没有养成良好的做题习惯，考试期间会出现做题慢的情况。

2：给自己一种紧张的状态

在日常训练中，如果没有计时，也不知道自己做了多久。整个复习处于一种散漫的状态，导致复习效率极低。

二、阅读理解高分秘籍

为了确保在所给时间内达到最佳的理解准确度，学会在浏览中选择重要信息显得格外重要。

选择信息的要点在于“准确”，应注意以下几点：

1.注意出现频率最高的词或短语。

2.善于判断文章各段的主题句。常见段落开头或结尾。

3.浏览中善于总结全文的主题。

(1)带着问题读文章

阅读文章前，先通读题干，而后带着问题读文章，往往可以帮助你避开文章铺垫部分的误导，预判文章内容，快速定位答案所在区域，节省做题时间。

每篇阅读理解文章中通常包含重点和非重点的内容，而重点内容常常是命题点。阅读前先浏览题干，阅读时就可以把被动接受的过程改为主动探索的过程，减少理解非重点内容(如铺垫部分)的时间，将时间、精力放在重点内容上，充分理解文章中心思想，快速、准确地锁定答案。

这里大家一定要注意“题干”二字，也就是说，在阅读文章前我们只读题干即可，建议不要通读选项。一方面选项较多，浪费时间;另一方面错误选项容易对下一步阅读原文造成干扰。

(2)排除法

阅读理解的答案有时不是选出来的，而是比较出来的。做题时先浏览四个选项，然后依次排除干扰项，最后锁定正确答案。

这个方法就是考试常会用到的排除法。方法很简单，但难的是如何辨别干扰项，将其排除。

除了偷换概念、过度推理外，还有以偏概全、无中生有、颠倒逻辑等干扰项常见类型。

大家平时做真题时可以从出题人角度思考，及时总结各类干扰项，考试时便能快速将干扰项排除。

(3)将题目分类归纳高效备考

做完一定数量真题后，大家可根据不同的题型，对阅读理解进行分类整理归纳，有针对性地各个击破。

2021考研英语阅读如何备考复习?小编就说到这里了，更多关于考研报名、考试时间、备考技巧等内容小编会持续更新。祝愿各位考生都能取得良好的成绩。