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虚拟语气的倒装用法小结

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  • 虚拟语气的倒装用法小结
  • 虚拟语气的用法总结
  • 虚拟语气用法总结
  • 虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用
  • 一、虚拟语气的倒装用法小结

    有时可将条件从句的连词if省略,但此时应用倒装句型,即把从句中的 等提到句首:

    If he should fail,he would kill himself. →Should he fail,he would kill himself. 万一失败,他就知会自杀。

    If I were you,I would do it at once. →Were I you,I would do it at once. 假若我是你,我道就会马上做。

    If I could do it,I would. →Could I do it,I would.

    If I could do it,I would.

    →Could I do it,I would.

    要是我能做此事,我一定会做。

    If he had seen you yesterday,he would haveasked you about it.

    →Had he seen you yesterday,he would haveasked you about it.

    他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。

      Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝。

      Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要,我会去的。

      Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。

      【注】

      ① 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。

      ② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:

    Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…)

    考题:

    __________ your address,I would have written to you.

    A. Did I know B. Were I to know

    C. Had I known D. If I should know

    此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,could 等词移至句首。

    顺便说一句,移至句首的 had不一定是助动词,如果是实义动词也可倒装:

    If he had money,he would buy a car.

    →Had he money,he would buy a car.

    他要是有钱,他就会买一辆小车。

    一、虚拟语气的用法总结

      以下是我为大家 总结 的虚拟语气的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握英语中虚拟语气的用法,提高英语水平。

    一、虚拟语气的使用范围:

      虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中,也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。

       二、虚拟语气的判断:

      1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的 句子 为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种:

      (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如:

      If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩 网球 了。

      (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如:

      If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。

      (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should

      (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。 例如:

      If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。

      2 . 宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法。

      (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。

      A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如:

      I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。

      B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如:

      I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。

      (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,其中should 可以省去。例如:

      I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。

      注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。例如:

      He insisted that she was honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。

       3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。

      (1) It be + 形容词 + that... (should)...。用于该句型的形容词有:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如:

      It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。

      (2) It be + 过去分词 + that... (should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如: desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如:

      It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。

      (3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如:

      It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。

      (4) 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气,其谓语动词为:should + 动词原形,连接从句的that不能省略。例如:

      My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。

      4. 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。这时,如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如:

      If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟,她就会看见她的老朋友了。

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    虚拟语气的用法总结相关 文章 :

    1. mind的用法

    2. prefer to do rather than do的正确用法

    3. advice的短句及用法归纳

    4. 动词insist 的用法归纳

    5. 动词be常考知识点

    6. advise的用法

    7. 英语单词for的用法(2)

    8. 情态动词shall和should的用法

    二、虚拟语气用法总结

           老师叮咛:李辉老师说,语法填空这种题型,考点极其固定,因为百年以来英语语法都没发生过巨大的变化。高考语法考点本来就有限,能用填空这种形式来考的语法考点就更有限了。只要掌握知识点,考试必须妥妥的!下面的虚拟语气“很重要”!经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错,可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!

     

    一、语气概述

            时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。

    eg:

    ①He doesn ’ t see very well in his right eye.             他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气)

    ②Have they ever been to Australia ?                         他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气)

    ③Please read through the instruction in advance. 请先通读说明书。(祈使语气)

     

    二、虚拟语气概述

           在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。

     

    三、虚拟语气的定义

    如果一件事不是真实的,而是虚拟的,就在这个动词身上加一个did。

     

    四、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

    A.由 If 引导的两种条件句:

     真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则)

    非真实条件句(虚拟语气)

     

    以下为 If 在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法:

    eg:

    ① If   I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .

    如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反)

    ② You would  not have caught a cold if you had   put on more clothes .

    如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)

    ③ If I were to / should   do i t ,I would do it in   different way.

    如果我做这件事,我将用不同的方法做。(与将来事实相反)

    注意:在非正式文体中,如果 If 条件句中有助动词 were  / should  / had 可将其提于主语之前(位于句首),再把 If 省掉,即形成部分倒装。

    当主从句所表示的时间不一致时,主从句按各自的时间采用相应的谓语形式。

    常见的有:

           ①If I were you ... = Were I you ...                               如果我是你/我要是你......

           ② If it were not for ... = Were it not for ...                    如果要不是......

           ③ If it had not been for ...=Had it not been   for ...     如果当时要不是......

    (③主句用: should   /   could   /   would   /   might  + have done 的形式,ps.在此结构中,had为助动词。若为谓语动词,则不能省略、倒装。)

     

    B.错综时间条件句

    主句和从句不是一个时间平台,需要分别在三个时间平台里“选形式”。

    从过完用had done,主过将用would do

    从用should / were to,主过将完用would have done

    eg:

    ① If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better.

    如果天气更好的话,庄稼就会长得跟好些。(从句指过去,主句指现在)

    ②If I were you ,I would have taken his advice.

    我要是你,我就采取了他的建议。(从句指现在,主句指过去)

     

    C.含蓄虚拟条件句(if省略句)

    有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出了,而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were / should / had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。

    (1)省略if

    Step1:去掉if。

    Step2:助系情提到主语之前。

          • Were I you, I would go.

          • Had I known about the party, I would have come.

          • Should I go abroad, I would buy you a gift.

    注意:在虚拟主句中,主语只有是第一人称时,才能用should。

    (2)根本没有if

    有些句子里,没有if,但是有but for(若不是)/ without / under / otherwise / but / or / but that(若不是)等,此时可把它们看做虚拟条件句,然后根据时间平台,选择主句的动词形式。

    •   Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

    = If you didn’t help me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

    =But for your help, I would not have passed this exam.

    • I don’t have your telephone number, otherwise   /   or I would have called you back.

    = If I had your number, I would have called you back.

    •   What would you do with a million dollars?

    =What would you do if you had a million dollars?

     

    D.wish,as if / though和 if only 用法

    (1)wish用法如下:

    1.表示与现在相反的愿望: 主语 + wish (that)...did (were)...

    eg: I wish I were a bird.

    2.表示与过去相反的愿望: 主语 + wish (that)...had done...

    eg: I wish I had seen the film.

    (注意:如果wish在表达对过去情况的虚拟而不是未实现的愿望时,有

    时也可用:主语+wish(that)...would / could have done)

    3.表示与将来相反的愿望: 主语 + wish (that)... could / would / might do

    eg: I wish you would do that again.

     

    (2)由 as if/though引导的表语从句

    虚拟:同wish用法;be在第一,三人称可用were / was。

    陈述:表示可能发生的几率很大或被假设为真实的。

     

    (3)If only...引导的条件句

    (常用感叹的形式)表示强烈的不满,遗憾或愿望,主句常省略,意为:“要是 / 如果......该多好啊 / 就好了!”。(注意:“only if ...”意为:“只要......”,位于句首时采用部分倒装。)

    eg:

    ①If only I could see him once more !               我要是再见到他就好了!

    ②If only we had telephoned him in advance !        要是事先给他打个电话就好了!

     

    E. Suppose / Supposing / providing / provided (that)... / what if...等某些特殊的连词后引导的条件句中(有时无主句),表示与现在或将来事实相反用 did ;表示与过去相反用 had done 。

    eg:

    ①Suppose / Supposing (that) we told her the truth.   假定我们把事情的真相告诉她。

    ②What if you came tomorrow instead of today.      如果我是你明天来而不是今天来呢?

     

    F.would rather后的宾语从句:表示愿望或尚未发生的动作。

    had / would sooner / rather + that...从句中意为“宁愿”,用did(be动词用were)表示对现在或将来的虚拟;用had done表示对过去的虚拟。

    eg:

    ①She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier.

    ②He got drunk last night. I ’ d rather he hadn ’ t drunk so much.

     

    五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 (should 类虚拟语气 )

    即主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时,后面的从句用 (should)+V 原/ should have done的形式。但注意,若从句中含有“竟然,惊讶,诧异 ” 之意时, “ should ” 则不可以省。

    (常见简记:一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求) 其他同下述用法:urge / propose

    insist

    order / command

    advise / suggest / recommend                    +(that) sb. (should) do

    ask / require / request / demand

    eg:

    ①The teacher suggested that we (should) make good use of every minute. 

    ②He ordered that all the book (should) be sent at once.

    ③She insisted that she (should) go to the south for her holiday.

    注意:

     

    六、 副词性从句中的虚拟语气

    A.as if / though用法

    虽同wish,但也有一些区别,如下:

    as if / though从句时态不受主句限制 。

    ①在谈论现在情形时用一般过去时。

    ②在谈论过去情形时用:

    Ⅰ.一般过去时:表示过去当时存在的某种状态,但若状态动词后带有持续的时间状语,则要用过去完成时。

    eg:

    ①They talked as if they had been friends for years.   他们谈起话来,好像是多年的朋友。

    ②He looked at me as if I were mad.                他看着我,好像我疯了似的。

    Ⅱ.过去完成时: 表过去的动作先于主句而发生,即使主句是现在时,as if 从句中的谓语动词也要用 had done。

    eg: It seems as if it had gone bad.它闻起来好像坏了。

    ③在谈论将来情形时用: would (could/might)+do

    B.in case / lest / for fear that表“以防,以免”等引导的目的状语中的虚拟语气,其后的形为:(should)+

    V原 (但注意in case 句中的should通常不省)。若不用虚拟也可用陈述,即用: 一般现在时或过去时。

    C.even if / though “ 即使/纵然/虽然 ”

    虚拟:同 if 用法相同。(方法:主句含有情态动词的过去式)

    陈述:表示真实情况。

     

    七、形容词性从句中的虚拟语气

     

    八、 虚拟语气固定句型

    1. Would you mind+主语 + 谓语虚拟? 您是否介意 …?

    2. would rather (that) 主语 + 谓语虚拟 宁愿 …

    3. It is high time that sb. d id   /   (should) do sth.        到某人做某事的时间

    4. It is necessary   /   important   /   essential   /   strange   /   natural   /

    advisable  / surprising  that sb. (should) do sth .

    5. It is a pity   /   duty   /   shame   /   regret that sb. (should) do sth.

    6 But for   /   Without   +   sth.   +主语+谓语虚拟         要不是…

    7. If only+主语 + 谓语虚拟                       要是…就好了!

    8.主句+ as if   /   as though +主语+谓语虚拟       就好像…

     

    九、情态动词+have done

    could / mig ht have done               本来能做却没做

    s hould   /   ought to have done           本该做而实际上没做(抱怨和责备)  

    should not / ought  not to have done     本不该做而做了

    needn ’ t have done                 本不必做而做了

     

    十、虚拟语气的其他用法

    (1)表示过去本打算做而实际上没有做。

    句型:had done (be / intend / think / mean / plan / hope etc) to do

     = V-ed + to have done ,would love / like to have done

    (2)had hoped表过去未实现的愿望,译为“要想,希望 … ”,从句谓语常用“would +V原”。

    eg: He had hoped that the family would come before his granny came.———2013年湖北高考

    (3)may(might) as well + V原 ,译为“不妨,倒不如”,表示劝说、建议、劝告。

    若其后带有某种消极情绪时,常用:might.

    [if !supportLists](4) [endif] 表示祝愿、命令的简单句中。常用“may +主语+动词原形”。

    eg:

    ①Long may you live.

    ②May you have a good journey!

    (5)表示对过去事情的懊悔时,谓语用“should + have + 过去分词”。

    eg: You should have returned the money to Mary.

     

    十一、 虚拟语气解题常用技巧

    1.找固定句型 。

    2.主过将从过 ; 主过将完从过完 。

     

    十二、虚拟用法形式总结

    含三种:

    ①所有含if的从句(除what if … 外)。

    ②wish从句。

    含两种:

    ①某些特殊连词后的条件句。

    ②what if … 从句。

    ③would rather从句。

    ④定从中的虚拟。

    含一种:

    ①含蓄虚拟语气(情+have done / do)。

    ②名词性从句(除 wish 外)与表“ 以防 ”意义的条件句中的虚拟一样(should+V原)。

    三、虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用

    属于部分倒装,当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,could 等词移至句首:
    1. If he should fail,he would kill himself. →Should he fail,he would kill himself. 万一失败,他就会自杀。
    2. If I were you,I would do it at once. →Were I you,I would do it at once. 假若我是你,我就会马上做。 3. If I could do it,I would. →Could I do it,I would.

    关于necessary的问题,通过《虚拟语气用法总结》、《虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用》等文章的解答希望已经帮助到您了!如您想了解更多关于necessary的相关信息,请到本站进行查找!

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    necessary
    福田打印机出租:碳粉打印机的碳粉是如何添加的?-国中办公 .Net 7 的 AOT 和 CLR有什么区别?