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中考最头疼的动词不定式,一次搞定

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  • 中考最头疼的动词不定式,一次搞定
  • 初中 动词不定式 用法?
  • 动词不定式
  • 英语什么是动词不定式用法大全
  • 一、中考最头疼的动词不定式,一次搞定

    动词不定式属于非谓语动词形式,在句中不能作谓语。通常动词不定式是由“不定式符号to + 动词原形”构成的。动词不定式在句子中可以起以下作用:

    &

    1.作主语。动词不定式作主语时,一般用it作形式主语,不定式后置,作真正的主语。To study English well is very necessary.= It is very necessary to study English well.学好英语是非常必要的。

    2.作宾语。动词不定式作宾语时,其逻辑主语即为全句的主语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,常将形式宾语it放在谓语动词之后、宾语补足语之前,不定式放在宾补之后。The boy wants to ask his father a question.这个男孩想问他爸爸一个问题。I find it necessary to go there at once.我发现立刻去那里是必要的。

    3.作宾语补足语。接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(词组)有ask,tell,want,wish,expect,would like等。接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有hear,see,watch,notice,feel,let,make,have等。I asked him to go with me.我要求他和我一起去。I often hear her sing this song.我常听见她唱这首歌。

    4.作表语。动词不定式作表语,位于连系动词之后。多数情况下,可转换为作主语。My duty is to keep the classroom clean.=To keep the classroom clean is my duty.我的职责是保持教室清洁

    。5.作定语。不定式作定语时,位于被修饰的名词或代词之后。We have too much work to do this vacation.这个假期我们有太多工作要做。

    6.作状语。不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因或结果,其逻辑主语通常是全句的主语。I am very glad to see you here.(表原因)我很高兴在这儿看见你。I went to the station to meet him.(表目的)我去车站接他。

    拓展:①省略to的不定式结构had better do sth.最好做某事/let sb.do sth.让某人做某事/make sb.do sth.使某人做某事/Why not do sth.?=Why don't you do sth.?为什么(你)不做某事呢?②动词不定式的否定形式为not (to) do sth.。I always tell my students not to play on the road.我总是告诫学生不要在马路上玩耍。Could you please not put your bike here?请你不要把自行车放在这里好吗?

    例题讲解

    例1 (2014·北京中考)My parents always tell me      more vegetables and fruit.A.eat     B.eatingC.eats D.to eat解析tell sb.to do sth.为固定结构,意为“让某人做某事”,动词不定式用作宾语补足语。答案D例2 (2014·黑龙江绥化中考)We should do what we can     our environment.A.protect   B.to protectC.protecting解析结合选项可推知句意为“我们应尽我们所能去保护环境”。此处应用动词不定式表目的,故选B。答案B例3 We have two rooms     ,but I can't decide     .A.to live;to choose which one B.lived;choose which one C.to live in;which one to chooseD.live;which one解析句意:我们有两个房间可居住,但是我不能决定选哪个房间。第一个空是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰rooms;第二个空是动词不定式与疑问词连用构成不定式短语,作decide的宾语。答案C例4 The boy made us     by making faces.A.to laugh B.laughingC.laugh D.laughed解析make后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选C。

    答案C

    一、初中 动词不定式 用法?

    动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆:
      一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。

      二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。

      三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。

      1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。

      例:To go in for sports helps you stay fit.(book4,L28)It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.

      注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示

      评价的形容词。例:It’s right of him to refuse the

      invitation.(him为逻辑主语)

      2、表语:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.

      3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

      例:would you like to see my photos? Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4,L11)

      和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。

      I found it very difficult to get a

      job.(it为形式宾语)4、宾语补足语:(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:例:I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4,L2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词

      (see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,

      make,let,have,help等)后不带to。例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.

      5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

       L1)6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明。

      例:We are very glad to meet you again.

      7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等。

      例:They brought in photos of their

      families for me to look at.(book4,L2)

      8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。

      例:He didn’t tell me where to go .

    9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”

      例:There are twenty more trees to be planted

    二、动词不定式

    动词不定式概述
    一 不定式的体
    1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生.
    2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生.
    不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.
    二 不定式的逻辑主语
    1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中.
    2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语.
    3 不定式前"for+名词/代词"结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语.
    4 在"It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do"结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等.
    例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference.
    三 不定式的否定式
    不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成
    四 不定式的句法功能
    1 不定式做主语
    1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another.
    2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together.
    注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语.
    2 不定式作表语
    3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days.
    4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "Dingo".
    5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle.
    注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后.
    3 不定式作宾语
    6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition.
    注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand.
    7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.
    注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等动词之后.
    big and strong.
    4 不定式作宾语补足语
    8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.
    9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once.
    注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow

    动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆:

    一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。

    二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。

    三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。

    1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。

    例:Togoinforsportshelpsyou

    stayfit.(book4,L28)Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.

    注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示

    评价的形容词。例:It’srightofhimtorefusethe

    invitation.(him为逻辑主语)

    2、表语:Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.

    3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

    例:wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.(book4,L11)

    和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。

    Ifounditverydifficulttogeta

    job.(it为形式宾语)4、宾语补足语:(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:例:Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.(book4,L2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词

    (see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,

    make,let,have,help等)后不带to。例:Theyheardhimsingapopsonginthemeetingroom.

    5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

    例:Vinnyisthefirstdisabledper鄄sontosailaroundtheworld.(book4,

    L1)6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明。

    例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.

    7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等。

    例:Theybroughtinphotosoftheir

    familiesformetolookat.(book4,L2)

    8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。

    例:Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”

    例:Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.

    解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
    在中学教科书中,动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点;在历年高考中,动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一;在学生的学习实践中,动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识,下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
    I. 不定式作主语
    1. 不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如:
    It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。
    It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。
    2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同:前者作主语时,常表示某一次具体的动作;而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如:
    To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
    Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
    简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
    当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如:
    It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
    当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时,应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如:
    It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
    [高考题例]
    1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
    A. this B. that C. it D. he
    2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
    A. for B. of C. about D. from
    II. 不定式作宾语
    1. 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握四种动词:
    1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
    2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
    3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有: start, begin, continue等。
    4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如:
    Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。
    I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。
    I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话,我本不该说那些话。
    I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你,你没有通过驾驶测试。
    The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
    After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济,部长接着谈论外交政策。
    2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,要先用it作形式宾语,而将该不定式后置。例如:
    I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
    I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
    3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如:
    I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。
    Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗?
    [高考题例]
    3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
    A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
    4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
    A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
    5. -I usually go there by train.
    -Why not ________ by boat for a change?
    A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
    6. -Was the test difficult?
    -Not at all. We found ________ .
    A. it very easy for doing
    B. very easy to do it
    C. it very easy to do
    D. it very easy to do it
    7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
    -Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
    A. us B. it C. him D. you
    8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
    A. this B. that C. its D. it
    9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
    A. how to make dresses
    B. how dresses be made
    C. how to be made dresses
    D. how dresses to be made
    10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
    A. it what to do with
    B. what to do it with
    C. what to do with it
    D. to do what with it
    III. 不定式作定语
    不定式作定语时,应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子:
    I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
    I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
    Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗?
    Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗?
    简析:当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式使用主动式;当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时,不定式使用被动式。
    IV. 不定式作状语
    1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时,要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
    [高考题例]
    11. To be a great scientist, ________ .
    A. maths is very important
    B. maths is more important than other subjects
    C. one must understand maths
    D. maths is important to be understood
    2. "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中,当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时,不定式不使用被动式。例如:
    The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
    [高考题例]
    12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
    A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to

    三、英语什么是动词不定式用法大全

      英语动词不定式有动词特征和非动词特征,这些特征在汉语句式中得到充分体现,本文探讨动词不定式与汉语句式之间的对应关系,提示语法句式组合的规律与法则与人们的思维方式有一定的关系。那么英语什么是动词不定式呢?下面是我整理的英语什么是动词不定式,欢迎阅读。

      英语什么是动词不定式

      在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。它之所以被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词。

      然而在一些语言里(例如葡萄牙语),存在着受时态、人称和数量影响的不定式形态。亦有些语言完全没有不定式,例如阿拉伯语、保加利亚语和现代希腊语。

      在外语学习的课程中,动词不定式的一般现在时被称作“词典用词”,因为它一般被用作词典中该动词的词头。

      动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性。

      动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语。

      英语中的动词不定式构成

      动词不定式构成:to+ do(动词原形)

      否定式:not to+do 动词原形

      动词不定式特点:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语。可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语.

      一. 带to的不定式结构

      1. 我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like , love, stop, go, come等。

      二. 不带to的不定式结构

      以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:

      1. 在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 例如:You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。

      It's cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

      2. 在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

      例如:I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。

      I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。

      3. 在引导疑问句的why not之后。

      “Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。 例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢?

      Why not take a holiday? =Why don’t you take a holiday? 为什么不休假呢?

      三.动词不定式的句法功能:

      (一)作主语

      不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。 e.g. It’s easy (for me) to do that.

      我做这事太容易了。

      It’s so nice to hear your voice.

      听到你的声音真高兴。

      It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

      当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

      It’s very kind of you to help us. 承蒙惠助,不胜感激。

      (二) 作宾语

      在下列动词后用不定式作宾语:

      afford; agree; ask; decide; want; expect; hope; fail; happen; help; learn;

      mean; manage; offer; plan; promise; refuse; wish; forget; remember…

      e.g. The driver failed to see the other car in time.

      司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

      It is raining hard. Jack is holding a newspaper over his head.

      He forgot to take an umbrella.

      雨下得很大。Jack头上顶着一张报纸。他忘记带伞了。

      (三) 作宾语补足语

      动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:

      1. 作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。 e.g. He asked me to talk about English study. 他请我谈谈英语学习的问题。

      2. 作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。

      e.g. The teacher made him say the word like this. 老师让他像这样说这个单词。

      3. 作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。

      e.g. Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?

      (四) 作定语

      不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。

      e.g. After he finished college, he had a lot of jobs to choose.

      大学毕业之后,他有许多工作可选。

      I have nothing to say on this question.

      对这个问题我无可奉告。

      He has something important to tell her.

      他有重要的事情要告诉她。

      (五) 作状语

      动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。

      1. 放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。

      e.g. He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。

      2. 跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。

      e.g. I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我感到很难过。

      3. 用在too...to...结构中。

      e.g. He is too young to understand it. 他太年轻,理解不了这件事。

      动词不定式用法大全

      一、结构:to+动词原形 (not +to+vt, 疑问词+to+vt)

      二、功能:主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

      三、特征:保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等构成不定式短语。

      四、时态和语态

      主动语态 被动语态

      一般式 to do to be done

      进行式

      完成式 to be doing 无 to have done to have been done

      They pretended not to see us.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)

      He pretended to be sleeping.(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)

      She pretended to have known it before.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)

      Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01年高考)

      A. to tell B. to be told

      C. to be telling D. to have been told

      He is considered ____ the first computer.(MET93 34)

      A. to invent B. inventing

      C. to have invented D. having invented

      五、用法

      1、作主语

      1) 用it作形式主语。(带疑问词的不定式不能用形式主语代替)

      2)不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语,由for或of引出,加在不定式短语前面。

      下列形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出:

      careless粗心的,clever聪明的,cruel残忍的,foolish愚蠢的,good好的,kind好心的 ,naughty淘气的,nice好的,polite礼貌的,right正确的,rude无礼的 ,silly愚蠢的,stupid傻的,unwise不明智的,wise明智的,wrong错误的

      这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何,可以改写为:“Sb + be + 形容词 + to do sth.” 而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。

      注意:It is difficult for me to learn English. 更强调学英语很难,不能写成

      I am difficult to learn English. (这句话含有逻辑错误。)

      3)动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

      As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. It was necessary to talk with his mother.

      How to make requests politely is important.(不用it)

      2、作表语

      动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如:

      1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.

      2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.

      3、作宾语

      1)可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:

      要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love) We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.

      He prefers to eat white bread and rice.

      Id love to visit Mexico.

      2)feel, find, make, think等动词后有不定式作宾语且又带宾补时,要用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式

      I find it difficult to remember everything.

      3)不定式与动名词作宾语的区别

      A不定式作宾语表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,ving形式表习惯性的连续动作、习惯性的动作。

      1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.

      2)I like to eat vegetables.

      B接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词

      (1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事

      remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事

      (2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

      forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事

      (3) regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事

      regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事

      (4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事

      try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果

      (5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事

      mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

      (6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

      can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

      (7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事

      go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事

      (8)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(目的状语)

      stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事,。

      When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.

      I stopped using them last year.

      3、作补语

      1) 带to的不定式作补语的动词主要有:要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage),教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want),等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如:

      I'd invite her to have dinner at my house.

      Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

      2)不带to不定式作补语,多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括五“看”:look at, observe, see, watch,notice三“让”:have, let, make,二“听”:hear, listen to,一“感觉”:feel。另外find如:

      Your word makes me feel happy!

      we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.

      但在被动语态句里带to如:

      He was seen to smoke here.

      He was found to steal in the shop.

      3)有些动词如: permit ,allow,admit,forbid,imagine,consider 后接不定式作宾补,接动名词作宾语即V + sb to do sth & V + doing sth

      e.g. :

      The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.(建议)

      Please permit me to introduce myself to you first.允许

      You surely can't consider him to be a selfish man.认为

      My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night.禁止

      I allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.让

      advise/permit/allow/admit/forbid/consider doing sth.

      The little boy admitted having broken the glass.承认

      They shouldn't allow parking in the street ; it's too narrow.允许

      I forbid smoking in my house.禁止

      We do not permit smoking in the office.允许

      4、作定语

      1) 用不定式作定语的几种情况:

      A不定式表将来:

      I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.

      B用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如:

      He was the best man to do the job.

      He was always the first to come and the last to leave.

      She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

      Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.

      C 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如:

      Do you have the ability to read and write English ?

      I have a chance to go sight –seeing.

      2) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。如:

      The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.

      There is nothing to worry about.

      Please give me a knife to cut with.

      I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。

      但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。

      如:He had no money and no place to live (in).

      We found a way to solve this problem (in).

      2) 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较:

      Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”) Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?

      5、作状语

      1)目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。如:

      I study hard to improve my English.

      A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. so as to do一般不置于句首,还可以引导结果状语从句

      2)原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如:

      I feel very lucky to have the gift.

      He had run out of money to buy old bikes.

      3)结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”结构句中。如:

      Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?

      The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.

      6、不定式主动表被动

      1)在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。

      (1)have(give, show, find )sth. to do

      在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。

      例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较:

      Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? (to do是由you发出的)

      Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? (谁带不得而知) Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。

      (2)It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do

      在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。 例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。

      question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。再如:

      It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。

      (3)There +be +n. +to do

      在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。

      例如:没有时间可以耽误。可译成:There is no time to lose(to be lost). 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁 lost time不明确。

      但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同:

      a. There is nothing to do now. (=We have nothing to do now. )现在没事干。

      b. There is nothing to be done. (=We can do nothing now. )现在没办法了。

      a. There is nothing to see. (nothing worth seeing)没有东西值得看。

      b. There is nothing to be seen. (nothing there at all)看不见什么东西。

      2)在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有:

      (1)n. +be+adj. +to do

      The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。

      (2)n. +be+too+adj. +to do

      The thing is too small to see. 这东西太小看不见。

      (3)n. +be +adj. +enough to do

      The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。

      3)某些动词, 如to let, to blame (责备), to seek(寻找)用主动式表被动意义。

      例如:

      The house is to let. 这房子要出租。

      Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?

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