初中英语语法：动词不定式

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初中英语语法：动词不定式

动词不定式讲解初中英语语法

八年级上册英语动词不定式用法

初中英语语法动词不定式和动名词的功能

一、初中英语语法：动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to。

动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。

动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。

1. 用作主语

直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语—动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。

It is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.

尽最大努力处理这些问题是我们的责任。

The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.

校长说，和他妈妈谈一谈很有必要。

How to learn English well is important.

如何学好英语很重要。

To see is to believe.

眼见为实；百闻不如一见。

2. 用作表语

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。

The best way is to join an English club.

最好的办法是加入一个英语俱乐部。

The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.

首先是要认真听老师讲课。

3. 用作宾语

（1）可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：

要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)；

期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)；

宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)；

希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。

We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.

我们决定和一些学生谈谈他们去那里的原因。

He prefers to eat white bread and rice.

他更喜欢吃白面包和白米饭。

I‘d love to visitMexico.

我想要去参观墨西哥。

（2）动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语—动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do....

I find it difficult to remember everything.

我发现记住所有事情很难。

（3）既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。

一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。

Then I started to watch TV.

然后我开始看电视。

I am beginning to understand my parents.

我开始理解我的父母。

I like to eat vegetables.

我喜欢吃蔬菜。

（4）后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。

stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语；

try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；

go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。

When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.

我离开家时，忘记带上它了。

I stopped using them last year.

去年，我停止使用它们。

4. 用作定语

（1）表示将来。

The question to be discussed next meeting is a difficult one.

下次会议要讨论的这个问题非常难。

（2）当被修饰词是最高级或序数词或被其修饰时。

He is always the first man to come to the office.

他总是第一个来到办公室。

He is the best man to do the job.

他是做这项工作最好的人选。

（3）被修饰词是抽象名词时。

This is the best way to work out the maths problem.

这是解决这道数学题最好的办法。

I have a chance to travel to London.

我又一个去伦敦旅行的机会。

5. 用作宾语补足语

（1）带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：

要求允许提议(ask, allow, , advise)；

期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)；

教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)；

等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。

I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.

我想要邀请她来我家吃晚饭。

We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.

我们应该允许孩子们选择自己的服装。

（2）动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时，多数动词是感官动词和使役动词。

包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；

三“让”：have, let, make；

二“听”：hear, listen to；

一“感觉”：feel；

一“注意”：notice。

This picture makes me feel excited！

这幅画使我感觉很兴奋。

We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.

上周我们看到刘宇打棒球了。

（3）help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。

They can help you (to) learn English.

他们帮助你学习英语。

6. 用作状语

（1）目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。

In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.

为了赶上早班车，她起得很早。

A group of young people got together to discuss this question.

一组年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。

She came to this city to visit her daughter.

她来到这个城市看望她的女儿。

（2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。

I feel very lucky to have him.

拥有他我感觉很幸运。

（3）结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。

I’m too tired to do it well.

我太累了以至于做不好这件事。

The room is big enough for three people to live in.

这个房间三个人住足够大。

7. 动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要取决于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，说明人的特性；for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，前面如果是名词用for。

It’s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening.

对父母来说，在晚上让孩子分组学习是个好主意。

It’s wise of him to do it well.

对他来说，把这件事做好很明智。

8. 带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。

这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。

（1）用作句子的成分。

I don’t know what to try next. (作宾语)

我不知道接下来要尝试什么。

Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)

还没有决定去哪里。

（2）单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

What to do next?=What will we / you do next?

接下来做什么？

Why go there?=Why do we / you go there?

为什么去那里？

9. 动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not / never to do...；不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...

They decide not to talk to each other.

他们决定不和彼此说话。

His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.

他父母告诉他不要在街上踢足球。

动名词（doing）

动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

1. 作主语

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

南方与北方开战了。

2. 作宾语

Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?

请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?

3. 作表语

Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children.

保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。

4. 做定语

a washing machine 一台洗衣机

一、动词不定式讲解初中英语语法

动词不定式讲解初中英语语法

　　1．不定式的基本形式与结构

　　动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形 (如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外， 没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

　　2．不定式的用法

　　1)不定式结构作主语

　　1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．

　　2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．

　　在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。如：

　　1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago． 2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．

　　不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达： 1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review． 2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam. 在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语： 1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth． 2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．

　　3不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式， 另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的`不定式。

　　及物动词+带to的不定式结构: 只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。

　　1.He managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.The stranger offered to show me the way. 3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.

　　动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式： 这类动词常见的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。

　　1.He does not know when to start. 2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop. 3.I will show you how to deal with it.

　　有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。 1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him. 2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.

　　3)不定式做表语 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)；表语也是不定式(表示结果)：

　　1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living．

　　另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用；例如： 1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future． 2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price． 3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience．

　　4)不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：

　　第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如： 1.There was really nothing to fear． 2.He gave me an interesting book to read． 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如： 1.Mary needs a friend to play with． 2.That girl has nothing to worry about． 3.They have a strict teacher to listen to． 4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on．第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如： 1.Have you got a key to unlock the door? 2.The action to be taken is correct． 3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending．第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish等。例如： 1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her． 2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou． 3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.

　　5)不定式作状语 不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语： 1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area． 2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area． 3.He was lucky to arrive before dark． 4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark．

　　作目的状语： 1.She raised her voice to be heared better． 2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better． 3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam． 4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam．

　　作结果状语： 1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians． 2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians． 3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone． 4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone．

　　不带to的不定式的使用 动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：

　　1) 在can／could， /may／might，will／would，shall／should，must， need，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。

　　2)在表示感觉意义的动词，如see初中英语语法总结，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。例如： 1.I often heard him say that he would study hard． 2.I must have him see his own mistakes． 但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。 例如： 1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard． 2.After he had finished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable questions．

　　3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。例如： 1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.

　　4) 在had better，would rather，may／might as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight． 2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.

　　5) 在make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。例如： 1.They let go of the rope．他们松开了绳子。 2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me．约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。 3.I've heard tell of him．我听说过他。

　　6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“不得不初中英语语法总结，只能”。例如：

　　1.He will do anything except work on the farm．

　　2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender．

　　3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in．

　　4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining．

　　下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to： can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如： I can not but admire his courage. 如果上述句中有do，to省略： I did nothing but watch TV last night． 如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to： I have no choice but to give up my idea.

　　7)紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如： Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning? You needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science． 4．不定式的完成式和进行式 1)构成 完成式：to+ have done 进行式：to+ be doing

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二、八年级上册英语动词不定式用法

不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同，可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式，同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同，可以有主动式和被动式。那么接下来给大家分享一些关于 八年级 上册英语动词不定式用法，希望对大家有所帮助。

一、不定式一般式的用法

1. 表示未发生的动作

即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如：

I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。

I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。

The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。

2. 表示同时发生的动作

即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。如：

Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与heard几乎同时发生)

I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。(to hear 略先于am sorry)

3. 表示一般情况

即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。如：

Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要 爱好 。

None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。

二、不定式进行式的用法

1. 表示同时进行

即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如：

He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。

He pretended to be looking for a book. 他假装在找书。

I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。

2. 表示将来

正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样，不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如：

You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的，能乘飞机走。

He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。

I happened to be going that way. 我恰好也是到那里去。

I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out. 我答应在门口一直等到他出来。

3. 表示一般情况

即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。如：

I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我发现他似乎烟瘾很大。

Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。

You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小，不能交男朋友。

三、不定式完成式的用法

1. 表示比谓语动作更早的动作

即不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：

I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。

They are said to have left London. 据说他们已经离开伦敦。

I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我过去曾开过那种汽车。

I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给了你这么多麻烦。

2. 表示比某特定时间更早的动作

即表示在某个特定的时间之前已完成的动作。如：

I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。

By 2020, he hopes to have opened a branch overseas. 到2020年，他希望能在海外开一分店。

3. 表示假想的更早的动作

尤其是表示过去本来打算要做某事，但实际上没有做成的动作。如：

We were to have been married last year. 我们本来打算去年结婚的。

I wanted to have come to see you, but I was really too busy. 我本想来看你的，但我的确太忙了。

不定式的完成式有时还有明显的感情色彩，如表示遗憾、后悔或责备。如：

There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 没有必要给我买一双新鞋。

四、不定式完成进行式的用法

不定式完成进行式主要表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的动作。如：

He pretended to have been studying. 他假装一直在学习的样子。

He appears to have been waiting a long time. 看来他已经等了很久了。

He seems to have been spying for both sides 他似乎一直在为两方面搞秘密情报。

He is believed to have been waiting for a message. 据信他当时一直在等待消息。

He looked too young to have been publishing for five years. 他看上去很年轻，不像是已经干了5年出版的人。

I’d like to have been sitting there when she walked in. 我真希望当她走进来的时候我正坐在那里。

五、不定式被动式的用法

1. 基本用法

不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式，往往取决于 句子 的意思，即意思上为主动就用主动形式，意思上为被动就用被动形式。如：

Not a sound was to be heard. 听不到一点声音。

I had to shout to be heard. 我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。

There remains one matter still to be discussed. 有一个问题尚待讨论。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。

2. 主动表被动

一般说来，表示主动意义，不定式用主动式;表示被动意义，不定式用被动式。但是，有个别时候，虽然意义上是被动的，但不定式却要用主动式。如：

The house is to let. 此屋出租。

The box was too heavy to lift. 箱子太重，拿不起来。

The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。

英语动词不定式的用法 总结 ：

动名词与不定式

1) 动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1　stop to do　　　　　stop doing

2 forget to do　　　　 forget doing

3　remember to do　　　remember doing

4 regret to do　　　　 regret doing

5　cease to do　　　　 cease doing

6 try to do　　　　　　try doing

7　go on to do　　　　 go on doing

8 afraid to do　　　　 afraid doing

9　interested to do　　interested doing

10 mean to do　　　　　 mean doing

11 begin/ start to do　 begin/ start doing

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三、初中英语语法动词不定式和动名词的功能

动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较
一,作主语
⒈不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首.如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb + some time +to do
How long did it take you to finish the work
③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
⒉动名词作主语
Learning without practice is no good.
动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:
①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
②It's+形容词+doing
It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring等,但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式 代替,如:It's important for you to keep fit.
③There is no + doing
There is no saying what will happen next.
在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossible to…"结构.
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:
It's no good eating too much