每日一词 - condition 详解

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每日一词 - condition 详解

每日一词 -oriented

每日一词 174 dissuade

每日一词之thankfully

一、每日一词 - condition 详解

每日一词 | condition

初中 高中 CET4 CET6 考研

英 [kənˈdɪʃn] 美 [kənˈdɪʃn]

基本释义

[noun]

1.(plural) the physical situation that affects how something happens

2.the state of somebody’s health or how fit they are

3.an illness or a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it

[名词]

1.（影响某事发生的）物质环境，状态，条件。

2.健康状况

3.（因不能治愈而长期患有的）疾病

派生词

conditional adj. 有条件的，有前提的

同义词辨析

condition / state

下列形容词常与这两个名词连用

~ condition

~ state

good

present

excellent

current

physical

mental

poor

solid

human

no

perfect

emotional

no

physical

better

natural

Condition

·Condition is used with an adjective and refers especially to the appearance, quality or working order of somebody or something.

condition与形容词连用，尤指人或事物的外观，品质或工作状况。如：

The car is in excellent condition. 这辆汽车的车况好极了。

State

·State is more general word than condition and is used for the condition that something is in at a particular time. It can be used without an adjective.

state较condition通用，指事物在特定时间的状况，可不加形容词，如：

the present state of medical knowledge 目前的医学知识的情况

We’re worried about his mental state. 我们担心他的精神状况。

What a state this room is in (=very bad). 这房间真糟糕。

例句

1.Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming.

最近，我构想了一种新的计时方法，这种方法与我们地球上的环境有关，因为全球变暖可能会改变环境。

——2021年高考英语北京卷

2.The Royal Society of Public Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure.

英国皇家公共卫生学会发现，音乐和艺术在医院使用时，可以通过减轻压力、舒缓焦虑和降低血压来帮助改善患者的状况。

——2021年高考英语天津卷

3.He suffers from a serious heart condition.

他患有严重的心脏病。

——《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

语篇用例

1.每日一笑｜What condition（点文字读本期推文）Patient: Oh Doctor, I’m starting to forget things.

Doctor: Since when have you had this condition?

Patient: What condition?

这一期“每日一笑”中的condition是什么意思呢？

2.The living conditions of China’s rare and endangered species have seen notable improvements amid the country’s active efforts on biodiversity protection and ecological restoration.

（注：rare and endangered species即珍稀濒危物种）

——21-22《英语周报·高二阅读专版》9期

原文标题：China’s Giant Pandas off the Endangered List

互动问题

你能否准确翻译出“语篇用例2”中这段话的含义呢？

试一试，在留言区写下来吧！

（下周一公布参考答案）

一、每日一词 -oriented

1. 认识这个词（基础篇）

词：-oriented

英英释义： designed to appeal to a certain kind of people

例句：LinkedIn is a career-oriented networking site, where you can connect with colleagues, work contacts, and potential employers, and employees.

2. 体会这个词 （进阶篇）

“oriented”可以作为形容词表示“以…为方向的”“重视…的”，它其实也经常被用作后缀表示同样的意思。这种写法可以让我们的表达更见简洁，也可以在一些语境中替换 be destined to 等类似表达。

当我们介绍一个公司或组织的核心方向、业务时就可以用得上 -oriented。比如 LinkedIn（领英）是一家职业社交网站，我们就可以这样介绍它：

LinkedIn is a career-oriented networking site, where you can connect with colleagues, work contacts, and potential employers, and employees.

我们国家一直在推进素质教育，就可以说成：

The government has been promoting quality-oriented education, encouraging students to go beyond exams.

《经济学人》中也经常这样用 -oriented，比如曾在一篇讲英国商业的特别报道中就多次用到：

A more market-oriented system of higher education can do much better than the state-dominated model.（这里的 market-oriented system 和 state-dominated model 完美呼应）

The more market-oriented model of higher education that has been pioneered in the United States, and is gradually spreading to much of the rest of the world, has four big advantages over the public model.

3. 从认识到会用（作业）

1）翻译下面的句子： 抖音是以年轻人为主的短视频应用程序，它声称有 2.5 亿每日活跃用户。

（参考翻译：Douyin is a youth-oriented short video app, claiming to boast more than 250m daily active users. ）

2）结合自己的生活、学习、工作、兴趣等，想象在什么语境下会用到这个表达。先简要描述这个场景，再造句。

二、每日一词 174 dissuade

1. 这是个什么词？   

词：dissuade   

英英释义：to persuade someone not to do something   

例句：Many friends unsuccessfully tried to dissuade him from smoking.   

2. 为什么选这个词？   

“dissuade”是动词，意思是“劝阻”，读作| dɪˈsweɪd |。当我们想表达“劝说某人不要做某事”的时候，可以使用 dissuade somebody from something/doing something，比用它的反义词 persuade 加否定更加简洁，也可以体现表达的多样性。dissuade 常见的同义词还有 discourage 和 talk somebody out of something/doing something。下面我们通过几个例子来掌握它。   

很多朋友试着劝说他不要吸烟，但还是没能成功，可以说：   

Many friends tried to persuade him not to smoke, but failed.   

或：   

Many friends tried to talk him out of smoking, but failed.   

用 dissuade 还可以说：   

Many friends unsuccessfully tried to dissuade him from smoking.   

在几个好心路人的劝说下，她放弃了自杀，就可以说：   

She was dissuaded from committing suicide.   

或   

A few kind-hearted passers-by dissuaded her from suicide.   

《经济学人》一篇关于委内瑞拉政治的文章中就用到了 dissuade：   

Mike Pompeo, America’s secretary of state, later insisted that Mr Maduro had been worried enough to have a plane waiting to spirit him to Havana but was dissuaded by his Russian allies.   

一篇关于英国穆斯林的《经济学人》文章中也用到了 dissuade：   

As Muhammad Afzal, the central mosque’s chairman, is keen to recall, his establishment has led efforts to dissuade people from joining the war in Syria.   

另一篇写美国商业的《经济学人》文章中也出现了 dissuade：   

The Chamber of Commerce, which has had the ear of every president, has successfully championed massive corporate-tax cuts but failed to dissuade the president from imposing tariffs and curbing immigration.       

3. 怎样学会使用这个词？       

1）翻译下面的句子：       

很多家长会劝说孩子不要通宵熬夜。   

（参考翻译：Many parents dissuade their children from staying up all night.）   

2）结合自己的生活、学习、工作、兴趣等，想象在什么语境下会用到这个表达。先简要描述这个场景，再造句。       

例子: 劝阻不要打游戏

场景：I tried to dissuade him from playing video games, but failed.

三、每日一词之thankfully

词：thankfully

英英释义：used to say that you are glad that something has happened, especially because a difficult situation has ended or been avoided

例句：Thankfully, everything went smoothly.

“thankfully”是副词，意思是“幸亏、幸运的是、令人欣慰的是”。注意，虽然从字面上看， thankfully 等同于 gratefully，但这种用法是有争议的。thankfully 最常见的的意思更接近 luckily 和 fortunately，即“幸运的是、谢天谢地”。这个词很好用，也是很多学习者想不起来会用的一个词。我们来通过几个例句掌握。

我们在举办活动时经常会有这样那样的担心，但如果过程很顺利，我们事后就可以说：

Thankfully, everything went smoothly. （这里的 Thankfully 也可以换成 Fortunately）

有一次我乘坐飞机迟到了，但幸运的是航班晚点了，所以最后还是赶上了飞机。就可以说：

Once I was late for my flight. Thankfully, the flight got delayed, and I was able to board it eventually.
场景：曾经跟客户约谈，因为交通堵塞迟到了。但是幸运的是，客户也没有准时到。
造句：Once I was late for the appointment with my customers for the heavy traffic.Thankfully, they were not punctual, too.
《经济学人》一篇关于政府如何更好地治理垃圾的文章中有这么一句：

Thankfully, rubbish is one environmental issue where there is little need to worry about political incentives.

这句话的言外之意是，政府在解决一些问题的时候，人们会质疑它的动机。

1）翻译下面的句子：

还好，我们在推出产品之前及时发现了一个瑕疵，并马上解决了问题。

（参考翻译：Thankfully, we spotted a product defect in time and fixed it before the launch.
场景：曾经跟客户约谈，因为交通堵塞迟到了。但是幸运的是，客户也没有准时到。
造句：Once I was late for the appointment with my customers for the heavy traffic.Thankfully, they were not punctual, either.